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发表于 2009-8-27 08:17 PM
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有同学说了，Hoover是好人，这咱不否认，要不怎么题目也是Hoover是个好同志呢？但问题是好人一样有糊涂的时候不是？Hoover同志不让资本家降工钱，但东西卖不动，价钱就下来了，价格低了，销量也没有，利润自然也就不见啦。在通缩情况下不将工资，有点儿哄抬物价的意思。所以，资本家们玩儿不起，总还走得起吧。公司关门，工人失业。工资回零，更买不起东西，更多失业。
再说那农产品，人为定价，国家收购一部分，可是卖不出去这价不是？想出口，切，俄国又大丰收，国际粮价更低，没辄，屯着喂老鼠了。更晕的是Hoover同志又整了个Smoot–Hawley Tariff，妄图自己关起门来跟自己玩。本来在危机时各国就有贸易保护主义倾向，这闸门一开，大家都各玩各的，国际贸易算是完蛋。Smoot–Hawley Tariff签的当天，股市就又蹲下了，赶情谁都不傻。
再说公共工程，Hoover可真没含糊，1930年月3号，国会通过了900多个米的工程预算，包括那个什么什么坝。可是在萧条时，私人民用建筑需求下降。地方政府税收下降，又不能印金元卷，想多开工也不行。结果是尽管联邦政府大兴土木，但是总的建筑规模是有减无增。至于给银行啊，不良企业的那些钱也是肉包子打狗。更甚的是Hoover同志还到欧洲去抄底，买了不少有毒资产，结果自然是血本无归。
走到这一步，好人Hoover仍不思悔改，反而进一步加大救市手段，1931年12月，Hoover同志在国会上总结自己的努力时说：“Many undertakings have been organized and forwarded during the past year to meet the new and changing emergencies which have constantly confronted us . . . to cushion the violence of liquidation in industry and commerce, thus giving time for orderly readjustment of costs, inventories, and credits without panic and widespread bankruptcies.”
同时，他又建议再以下几方面深化“改革”
1. Establish a Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which would use Treasury funds to lend to banks, industries, agricultural credit agencies, and local governments;
2.Broaden the eligibility requirement for discounting at the Fed;
3.Create a Home Loan Bank discount system to revive construction and employment measures which had been warmly endorsed by a National Housing Conference recently convened by Hoover for that purpose;
4.Expand government aid to Federal Land Banks;
5.Set up a Public Works Administration to coordinate and expand Federal public works;
6.Legalize Hoover's order restricting immigration;
7.Do something to weaken "destructive competition" (i.e., competition) in natural resource use;
8.Grant direct loans of $300 million to States for relief;
9.Reform the bankruptcy laws (i.e., weaken protection for the creditor).
看着是不是特眼熟，当然，Hoover同志也认为股市大掉都是大屁类逐利小人闹的，Hoover敲着桌子骂大屁："sinister" "systematic bear raids," "vicious pools . . . pounding downsecurity prices”, "deliberately making a profit from the losses of other people." 尽管有当时的商务部长 Lamont 和许多银行家的反对，Hoover同志还是锐意改革，一人单挑股市，限制卖空，让纽约交易市场向A股学习（好象有点儿时空错位），可惜Hoover同志不明白，牛熊同时存在才是有序市场的根本。他这一忙活，市场在32年总算找到底了。（待续） |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-8-26 08:08 PM
