Turning to the second quarter, the GDP report shows that we appear to have reached the rebound in the middle of the “W”. Economic activity accelerated to a 1.9% pace, more than double that of the first quarter. In addition to the modest rebound in consumer spending, steady government outlays and massive improvement in the trade balance helped second-quarter growth. Net exports contributed 2.4 percentage points to real GDP growth in the quarter, the largest contribution in nearly three decades. Exhibit 3 shows the growing contribution of trade improvement to US economic growth in recent years (here we average over several quarters to get at the underlying trend).
Compared to our expectations at the beginning of the year, the mid-“W” rebound occurred slightly earlier than expected because of more rapid distribution of rebate checks by the Treasury and what appears to be some “pre-spending” of stimulus. Exhibit 4 shows our estimates of spending out of two major stimulus programs in the past; it looks to us as if roughly 20% of the stimulus was spent before it arrived in each case.
Unfortunately, the flipside of the sooner-than-anticipated ramp-up of stimulus spending will probably be a sooner-than-anticipated ramp-down as the funds are exhausted. Exhibit 4 also suggests that the extra cash flow from fiscal stimulus should continue to support spending for a few months, propping up third-quarter growth. However, we think the payback will come in the fourth quarter, and now expect a 1.5% annualized decline in real consumption, holding real GDP flat (vs. our prior expectation of 1% growth). The economy is likely to remain stagnant in the first quarter of 2009. |