白人杀非裔少年无罪 全美掀抗议潮

ysc

【联合报╱编译田思怡／综合报导】 2013.07.15 03:02 am

  

美国佛罗里达州白人守望相助队员辛默曼被控枪杀手无寸铁的非裔青少年马丁（左）。
（美联社）


美国佛罗里达州白人守望相助队员辛默曼被控枪杀手无寸铁的非裔青少年马丁案，十三日晚间宣判；由五名白人女性和一名西语裔女性组成的陪审团，经过两天十六个多小时的讨论后，裁定辛默曼无罪，被告当庭获释。


这件案子在美国引起有关种族貌相（racial profiling，指警察以面貌肤色来判定某人不是好人而拦下盘问）、拥枪权、自卫权和司法公正的激烈辩论。辛默曼获判无罪的消息传开后，马丁支持者的愤怒情绪达到沸点；旧金山、芝加哥、华盛顿、亚特兰大和费城等地都有自发性的抗议游行，群众高呼「没有司法正义就没有和平，不要种族歧视的警察」，部分地区爆发零星冲突。

案子发生在去年二月廿六日，正在巡逻的辛默曼认为穿帽Ｔ的马丁形迹可疑，于是开车尾随，随后两人发生冲突，辛默曼开枪打死马丁。辛默曼被控二级谋杀罪和过失杀人罪。

廿九岁的辛默曼声称，开枪是出于自卫，因为马丁把他打倒在地上，并抓住他的头去撞人行道，他才被迫开枪。被告律师提出辛默曼被打得头破血流的照片。

这件案子原本只是一个小城的一般杀人案，但很快演变为涉及种族貌相的民权案件，刚过十七岁生日、穿著灰色帽Ｔ、手上拿著一包彩虹果汁糖（Skittles）的马丁，成为这波民权运动的催化剂。

在案发一个月后，美国总统欧巴马也掺一脚，对马丁的家人表达同情。他说：「如果我有儿子，长得就像崔冯（马丁）。」

此案经过三周审理，检方认为辛默曼因假设马丁是罪犯才蓄意尾随他，以致发生冲突，造成马丁身亡。但陪审团一致认为，辛默曼有正当理由开枪，因为他害怕身体受到重大伤害或被打死。佛州扩大的自卫权法因此案受到瞩目，这项权利允许某人在担心受到重伤害或有生命危险时，得以使用致命武器，即便可以选择避开危险。

过去一年半过著隐士生活，出门都穿防弹背心的辛默曼在庭上得知获判无罪时，露出微笑。他的父母与妻子互相拥抱庆祝。他的父亲是白人、母亲为秘鲁裔。

辛默曼的哥哥说，他虽获判无罪，但他可能无法自由自在的生活，「他的余生都得当心遭人暗算」。

马丁的父母未前往法庭聆听判决。他的父亲推文说：「我心碎了，但信仰未动摇，我永远爱我的宝贝崔。」

ysc

【联合报╱编译田思怡／综合报导】

2013.07.15 03:02 am

  

对许多非裔美国人来说，白人守望相助队员枪杀非裔青少年案，不仅仅是十七岁的马丁在一个雨夜被枪杀，而是世世代代的非裔年轻男子被警察、保全人员、社区守望相助队员和法院锁定、跟踪、怀疑和粗野对待。

乔治城大学非裔美国人研究副教授贾克森说：「这是更大的议题，因为马丁是我们所有人的儿子，他是所有非裔美国人，以及那些与美国黑人感同身受者的儿子。」

在获知被告辛默曼获判无罪后，贾克森推文说：「我为马丁的父母感到难过，这是民主与司法同悲的一天。」

费城卓克索大学教授西卡里洛马赫说：「从开庭第一天就已未审先判，先是媒体把马丁妖魔化，陪审团成员又没有一个非裔人士，法庭还规定不准提到种族歧视，凡此种种，被告早已被判无罪。」

民权领袖贾克逊牧师说：「这项判决令我错愕，司法部必须介入。」

网络民权团体ColorOfChange.org表示：「这是黑人家庭的另一个悲剧，判决传达清楚的讯息：黑人年轻男子和男孩的命不值钱。」

夏普顿牧师说：「辛默曼获释，是在美国人脸上打了一巴掌。」

不过，辛默曼的律师欧马拉说，此案与种族歧视无关，「辛默曼不是有种族偏见的人」，而且如果辛默曼是黑人，他可能不会被起诉。

许多名人也在推特发表看法。流行歌手蕾哈娜（Rihanna）说：「这是史上最令人伤心的新闻。」饶舌歌手Q-Tip说：「不意外…美国的非裔人命不值钱。」黑眼豆豆团长威尔（william）则说：「妈，世界是怎么了？」

ysc

联合晚报╱编译蔡致仁／综合报导】

2013.07.15 04:24 pm

  
美国民众抗议开枪杀死黑人少年的辛默曼被判无罪。一名女性拿著「我们都是崔文 (受害少年)！整个该死的制度都有罪！」的标语。
美联社

美国佛州白人守望队员辛默曼杀非裔青少年被判无罪后，引爆民权运动潮，这两天各大城市都有民众发起游行抗议。14 日纽约市千名民众上街抗议，宣称辛默曼有罪。美国总统欧巴马呼吁人民冷静，接受司法判决，并敦促民众「扪心自问是否已竭尽全力阻挡枪枝暴力的浪潮」。

他说：「我们应自问，是否已竭尽所能阻挡枪枝暴力的浪潮，这些枪枝暴力每天在全美各地夺取了许多性命。我们应自问，身为个人和社会一分子，应如何才能防止类似悲剧再度发生。」他强调：「这么做，才是悼念马丁的正确方式。」

美国人民对辛默曼案判决的不满，快速演变成蔓延各大城市的民权运动。13日晚间陪审团宣判辛默曼无罪后，旧金山、费城、芝加哥、华盛顿、亚特兰大陆续有民众上街抗议。尽管陪审团已有判决，但愤怒的民权人士可能发起公民诉讼，要求联邦政府调查。

14日下午，上千位民众顶著大热天身穿「长袖帽T」在纽约联合广场集合，因为17岁少年马丁去年2月晚上就是穿这种衣服被枪杀。群众从联合广场经第六大道游行到时代广场，到傍晚时分游行民众达数千人。他们喊口号：「人民说 (辛默曼)有罪」。

一名21岁理发师范胡希斯说，「那个男的有枪，小孩没有，结果开枪的家伙被判无罪。这绝对是种族问题」。高喊「没有正义、没有和平」的游行群众里有很多黑人，但也有白人与西班牙裔。

民权人士扬言向联邦法院提出公民诉讼。美国司法部表示，正在评估是否有足够证据再次起诉辛默曼。

欧巴马总统14日呼吁人民冷静下来，接受司法判决。欧巴马声明，「我们是有法律的国家，陪审团已经做出决定」。欧巴马之前曾说，如果自己有儿子「大概也会长得跟马丁很像」，对受害者父母表示感同身受。

ysc

【联合晚报╱国际新闻组／综合报导】

2013.07.15 02:59 pm

  

被控枪杀黑人少年的乔治‧辛默曼的哥哥罗勃．辛默曼14日表示，弟弟目前很难过，但是对于开枪射击身无寸铁的马丁，并无歉意或是感到「后悔」。另外乔治‧辛默曼的密友14 日也透露，他无罪获释后，可能会去法学院修读，准备日后帮助像他这样被冤枉的人。

罗勃说，「此事发生后乔治变得不一样，他感到极度难过，他变得抑郁深沈，与原来的他完全两样」。但是当CNN记者询问，乔治是否感到「懊悔」，罗勃生气地说，「懊悔两字过于强烈，懊悔意味对发生的一切须负责，我想你问的意思是：『他是否应承担或接受咎责？』我认为，乔治与『咎责』沾不上边，他只是觉得非常难过」。

罗勃还说，弟弟不须对去年2月在佛州三福市发生的事道歉。他说，「如果做了对的事，或相信是对的事，就不需要瞻前顾后，做什么补救」。

辛默曼一家是虔诚的天主教徒，罗勃说，马丁的死伤害到辛默曼全家。他说，「因为我们信仰的宗教，相信死亡就是一桩悲剧，无论是否出于自卫。所以乔治即使出于自卫夺去一条生命，情绪仍因此波动，但这不意味他认为自己的行为有过失」。

另外，辛默曼的密友兼证人唐纳利及其妻子莉安在判决后第一时间找他。他们透露辛默曼日后想念法学院，帮助像他一样被冤枉的人。

wsjboy

bucks

其实这个案子事实很清楚。媒体一边倒，混淆视听。

这个黑人小孩可比那个协警壮实多了，媒体却天天用个几年前的 BABY FACE

NBC 蓄意删减911录音，误导群众。

安全套儿

奥8也有责任。zimmerman赢了也要躲着生活了。

vanbj

bucks 发表于 2013-7-15 02:19 PM
其实这个案子事实很清楚。媒体一边倒，混淆视听。

这个黑人小孩可比那个协警壮实多了，媒体却天天用个几 ...

How did you find it is very clear? Martin a 17 year old boy never had criminal record. What made him deserve to be killed? This can absolutely be avoid.

Below is a tweet from an athlete.  It is a valid question.

Cincinnati Bengals linebacker James Harrison:

    Think I'll go pick a fight and get my ass kicked then pull my gun and kill somebody and see if I can get away... http://t.co/aegjF7feYI

bucks

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-15 04:29 PM
How did you find it is very clear? Martin a 17 year old boy never had criminal record. What made h ...

what he did absolutely doesnt deserve a death. It's a tragedy. However, unfortunately most evidence indicted that his actions that night led to a valid self-defense claim by GZ.

sensitive racial issue, one-sided media reporting, and even pressure from O8.....all these cant push the jury to find guilty on GZ. It's not because the jury exercised judicial injustice, Simply because the evidence is strong and the logic is clear from the perspective of law.

Put the race aside, it's a quite clear case that wouldn't have stirred up so much attention and chaos.

Whether or not the self-defense law in FL is fair presents another issue, which by no means should be mingled with this sentencing.

actually, the defense attorney even didn't use the strategy of STAND YOUR GROUND provision, which was nevertheless used by the police to not make an arrest.

Sparrow

两人的肤色差不多。应该是拉美裔。

vanbj

bucks 发表于 2013-7-15 08:13 PM
what he did absolutely doesnt deserve a death. It's a tragedy. However, unfortunately most evide ...

Imagine, if you are followed by a big guy at night, will you be scared? Matin was scared and he called his friend told him he was followed by a stranger. Martin is dead. He can not defend for himself anymore. He might feel threatend (by a big stranger with gun) and was trying to defend himself. If Zimmerman followed policeman's advice stop chasing him, then there won't be this tragidy. Zimmerman's testimony stated it was Martin who initiated the attack. I have a hard time to believe it.

bucks

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-16 12:15 AM
Imagine, if you are followed by a big guy at night, will you be scared? Matin was scared and he ca ...

from MITBBS:

" 什么，Z跟踪属于挑衅？靠，尼马你哪天被人跟踪你会不会回头打他一顿？你觉得被威
胁了是逃离是打911不是回头跟人干架好不好，你回头跟人干说明不根本不觉得被威胁
根本不觉得法律是什么东西。你回去干架被人干掉只是你误判形势自己活该。

法律判决是否公平合适不是看谁死了谁活着，要看这个判决的影响是什么。“彭宇案”
影响了多少人弄的现在社会冷漠，这个判决绝对不是公平合适的。“芝麻仁案”告诉某
些人尼马爆打别人是有代价的，绝对促进社会和谐，这个判决绝对是公平合适的。还有
什么好争议的？

凡认为自己不会做M那种sb违法的事的，凡认为某天自己被人往死里打应该保命而无罪
的，应该赞同“芝麻仁案”的判决。

至于M，Z是什么肤色，没看出对以上说法有什么影响。如果你非要认为有，只能说明你
本身是racist。而黑人同学仅仅因为M是黑人而觉得判决不公，不看来龙去脉，其实才
是种猪不平等，你种猪平等主义者凑什么热闹？"

bucks

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-16 12:15 AM
Imagine, if you are followed by a big guy at night, will you be scared? Matin was scared and he ca ...

Also from MITBBS

Perception: Trayvon Martin was a skinny little "kid".
宣传：马丁是一个瘦小的孩子。
TRUTH: Trayvon was tone 5'11" college-ready young adult.
事实：马丁是一个健壮的1米80的成年人。

Perception: Trayvon was scared of "the creepy cracker".
宣传：马丁害怕那些令人毛骨悚然的红脖子
TRUTH: Trayvon approached Zimmerman's truck.
事实：马丁主动走近芝麻仁的皮卡。

Perception: George Zimmerman was a racist.
宣传：芝麻仁是一个种族主义者
TRUTH: Zimmerman mentored black kids, had black friends, and did not utter
any racial slurs. He was concerned for all of his hard-working neighbors
regardless of race.
事实：芝麻仁指导过小黑孩，生活中有黑人朋友，从不说种族性的言论。他自愿帮小区
里所有种族的人维护治安。

Perception: Trayvon Martin was innocent "kid".
宣传：马丁是个无辜的孩子
TRUTH: He was drug using thief that was kicked out of school for fighting.
His own mom kicked him out of her home. He enjoyed and joked about fighting
and was attempting to buy an illegal gun.
事实：马丁吸毒，偷窃，因为在学校打架被停课10天。他亲妈把他赶出家门。他喜欢打
群架，还试图私自买黑枪。

Perception: George Zimmerman disobeyed non-emergency dispatcher (some
believe 911/police).
宣传：芝麻仁没有服从911的指令
TRUTH: After dispatcher said "We don't need you to do that (chasing Martin)
sir" ..Zimmerman stopped running and calmly spoke with
dispatcher for about one minute and forty-five seconds. He listened
to the dispatchers recommendation to stop his pursuit of Martin.
事实：911让他不要再追，他就停下来，在电话上和911继续交谈1分45秒。之后马丁突
袭。

Perception: George Z chased, pursued, and sought down Martin with a gun to
kill him.
宣传：芝麻仁持枪追着小黑孩，就是为了枪杀他。
TRUTH: George Zimmerman got out of his car and ran after Trayvon for about
12 seconds. Stopped his pursuit after 12 seconds. Never catching up to
Martin and never taking out his gun.
事实：芝麻仁从车上下来后，总共追了马丁12秒。他没能追上马丁，搏斗前手没有接触
过枪。

Perception: Martin ran away from Zimmerman straight to the house he was
staying at with his dad.
宣传：马丁知道芝麻仁跟踪以后就直着往老爸住所跑去。
TRUTH: Had Martin ran straight to that home, he would have made it there in
under 30 seconds. It was 4 minutes that passed from the time Martin started
running to the first 911 calls. Martin was approximately 10-15 feet away
from the original starting point ... 4 minutes after he started to run.
事实：如果马丁真的跑，应该30秒就可以跑回家里。从他开跑，到事发后的911电话，
总共4分钟。这四分钟里，他跑了5米不到。

Perception: Trayvon had Skittles and a Watermelon Juice and was going home
doing nothing wrong/suspicious.
宣传：马丁只是买了些水果糖和西瓜汁，没有任何可疑的行为。
TRUTH: Trayvon was walking through peoples back yards and looking through
sliding glass windows. This is a commonly known activity of thieves ..called
"casing" ...see who is not home, who makes the easy target. Zimmerman had
profiled Martin's activity "walking around" with no specific direction, "
looking around at houses", and "he is wearing a hoodie" ... Zimmerman
profiled a thief ..NOT because of race ..but because of Trayvon's activity.
事实：马丁穿着连帽衫，一次次的穿过邻居家的后院，同时通过阳台门看屋内的情况。
因为这些，芝麻仁觉得他有盗窃嫌疑才去跟踪，而不是因为他是黑人才去跟踪。

Kami

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-16 01:15 AM
Imagine, if you are followed by a big guy at night, will you be scared? Matin was scared and he ca ...

Imagine: you are just 5-foot-9 and get hit from behind by a black tall kid that is 6-foot-3 (one foot equal 12 inches so that is a 6 inches/15cm diference, some sources say Martin is 6 foot tall but still that is a 3 inches/8cm difference) and a strong football player.  Your face is down to the ground with your nose broken and the kid is holding your head and pushing towards the concrete ground.  Who is scared?  You think that strong kid is scared of keepping pounching a man of a smaller size, or should you be scared of getting killed or getting seriously injured?

I would say this case is definitely a tragedy (and under Chinese criminal law would mostly likely be a case of over-self-defense 防卫过当 which means Z would still be jailed, just with a much shorter period), but is far "normal" than many other cases where police used unnecessary and excessive force/violence or had obvious racial bias.  In other famous cases, some 4 or 5 policemen shot the running-away suspects from behind with 40-50 rounds of bullets or beat the surrendering suspects to death ...  Here Z was one-on-one against a kid stronger than him, was already injured and was still being beaten by the kid, and used just one bullet during fighting with the kid (which unfortunately killed the kid) ...

vanbj

The key is who initiated the attack. Based on the law, if Zimmerman initiated the attack, the case can not be 正当防卫.  What I want to say is, I doubt it is Martin who initiated the attack. It can be avoid.

Kami

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-16 08:27 AM
The key is who initiated the attack. Based on the law, if Zimmerman initiated the attack, the case c ...

The key is if there is doubt, the law should favor the defendant.  We already learned many lessons (like the case in Nanjing where if we put burden on the defendants the society would be much worse).  Based on the facts - the kid is much taller, is strong and plays football and likes to fight in school, he might get annoyed but not scared of someone following him and reporting to 911 and thus wanted to teach him a lesson and initiated the fight.  

bucks

vanbj 发表于 2013-7-16 07:27 AM
The key is who initiated the attack. Based on the law, if Zimmerman initiated the attack, the case c ...

the evidences and logical thinking are pointing that the black kid initiated the assault. It's a tragedy, but definitely not a case that involves the racial hatred. But apparently some political ppl want to take advantage of it by linking to racial issues for some purpose. GZ over-exercised self-defense, but he probably had no choice under life threatening circumstance. Unless TM side could present new evidence to topple that, GZ is innocent under the FL law.

vanbj

Some info from Wikipedia. Based on Witness 8. "Martin told his friend at one point that he had lost the man but the man suddenly appeared again"

This is why I am not 100% convinced by Zimmerman's testimony. Is it Martin suddenly appeared from Z's back and attacked him? Or was Z trying to stop Martin from running away?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Trayvon_Martin

Witness 8 (Rachel Jeantel)

On March 20, Martin family attorney, Benjamin Crump revealed that Martin had been on the phone with a friend moments before he was shot.[144][145][146]  During an ABC News exclusive report, Crump allowed portions of his recorded interview with Martin's friend to be aired.  She said that Martin told her that a man was watching him from his vehicle while talking on the phone before the man started following Martin.  Martin told his friend at one point that he had lost the man but the man suddenly appeared again.[145][146][147]  The friend, originally known only as "Witness 8", said that she told Martin to run to the townhouse where he was staying with his father and the father's girlfriend.[146]  She then heard Martin say, "What are you following me for?" followed by a man's voice responding, "What are you doing around here?"  She said that she heard the sound of pushing before the phone went dead.  She immediately attempted to call him back, but was unable to reach him.[148]  Crump stated that he would turn the information over to the Justice Department because "the family does not trust the Sanford Police Department to have anything to do with the investigation."[145]  Martin's friend was subsequently interviewed by state prosecutors on April 2, 2012.  During her interview with the prosecutor, Martin's friend recounted her last phone call with Martin and added that Martin had described the man as "crazy and creepy", watching him from a vehicle while the man was talking on the phone.[146]  Martin's friend told prosecutors that she heard words like "get off, get off", right before she lost contact with Martin.[146]  She also testified that Martin referred to Zimmerman as a "creepy ass cracker" during their telephone conversation.[149]

On March 6, 2013, prosecutors admitted that she had lied under oath, when she falsely testified that she had been in the hospital on the day of Martin's funeral.[150][151][152]

Crump had refused to disclose the identity of Witness 8, stating that she was only 16, a minor at the time of the shooting, and asked the media to respect her privacy.[153]  It was subsequently revealed that she was actually 18 at the time when she said she was on the phone with Martin.[154]  According to the defense, her actual age had been edited out of previously released disclosures.[155]  Crump has denied intentionally giving any misleading statements about her age.[156]

Witness 8 was subsequently identified as Rachel Jeantel, a friend with whom Martin had attended elementary school and high school.[157]
George Zimmerman's account of events

vanbj

Kami 发表于 2013-7-16 09:02 AM
The key is if there is doubt, the law should favor the defendant.  We already learned many lessons ...

Yes. I agree with you on this point. It is unfortunate that Martin can not defend for himself. In regarding to who really initiated the attack we will probably never find any evidence to proof. No question, that Z was not as tall/ as strong as Martin. Z was hit by Martin. I just feel Z might not 100% telling the truth about how this fight started (according to witness 8).

bokchoy888

my 2 cents:

1. 作为少数族裔, 不管有罪无罪, 抗议, 闹腾是必须的;
2. 日常生活中, 适当的暗暗的使用"种族歧视" will keep you staying away from trouble;